:mod:`httplib` --- HTTP protocol client
=======================================
.. module:: httplib
:synopsis: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).
.. note::
The :mod:`httplib` module has been renamed to :mod:`http.client` in Python
3. The :term:`2to3` tool will automatically adapt imports when converting
your sources to Python 3.
.. index::
pair: HTTP; protocol
single: HTTP; httplib (standard module)
.. index:: module: urllib
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/httplib.py`
--------------
This module defines classes which implement the client side of the HTTP and
HTTPS protocols. It is normally not used directly --- the module :mod:`urllib`
uses it to handle URLs that use HTTP and HTTPS.
.. note::
HTTPS support is only available if the :mod:`socket` module was compiled with
SSL support.
.. note::
The public interface for this module changed substantially in Python 2.0. The
:class:`HTTP` class is retained only for backward compatibility with 1.5.2. It
should not be used in new code. Refer to the online docstrings for usage.
The module provides the following classes:
.. class:: HTTPConnection(host[, port[, strict[, timeout[, source_address]]]])
An :class:`HTTPConnection` instance represents one transaction with an HTTP
server. It should be instantiated passing it a host and optional port
number. If no port number is passed, the port is extracted from the host
string if it has the form ``host:port``, else the default HTTP port (80) is
used. When True, the optional parameter *strict* (which defaults to a false
value) causes ``BadStatusLine`` to
be raised if the status line can't be parsed as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1
status line. If the optional *timeout* parameter is given, blocking
operations (like connection attempts) will timeout after that many seconds
(if it is not given, the global default timeout setting is used).
The optional *source_address* parameter may be a tuple of a (host, port)
to use as the source address the HTTP connection is made from.
For example, the following calls all create instances that connect to the server
at the same host and port::
>>> h1 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl')
>>> h2 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl:80')
>>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80)
>>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80, timeout=10)
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
*timeout* was added.
.. versionchanged:: 2.7
*source_address* was added.
.. class:: HTTPSConnection(host[, port[, key_file[, cert_file[, strict[, timeout[, source_address]]]]]])
A subclass of :class:`HTTPConnection` that uses SSL for communication with
secure servers. Default port is ``443``. *key_file* is the name of a PEM
formatted file that contains your private key. *cert_file* is a PEM formatted
certificate chain file.
.. warning::
This does not do any verification of the server's certificate.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
*timeout* was added.
.. versionchanged:: 2.7
*source_address* was added.
.. class:: HTTPResponse(sock, debuglevel=0, strict=0)
Class whose instances are returned upon successful connection. Not instantiated
directly by user.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. class:: HTTPMessage
An :class:`HTTPMessage` instance is used to hold the headers from an HTTP
response. It is implemented using the :class:`mimetools.Message` class and
provides utility functions to deal with HTTP Headers. It is not directly
instantiated by the users.
The following exceptions are raised as appropriate:
.. exception:: HTTPException
The base class of the other exceptions in this module. It is a subclass of
:exc:`Exception`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: NotConnected
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: InvalidURL
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`, raised if a port is given and is either
non-numeric or empty.
.. versionadded:: 2.3
.. exception:: UnknownProtocol
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: UnknownTransferEncoding
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: UnimplementedFileMode
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: IncompleteRead
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: ImproperConnectionState
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: CannotSendRequest
A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: CannotSendHeader
A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: ResponseNotReady
A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
.. exception:: BadStatusLine
A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. Raised if a server responds with a HTTP
status code that we don't understand.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
The constants defined in this module are:
.. data:: HTTP_PORT
The default port for the HTTP protocol (always ``80``).
.. data:: HTTPS_PORT
The default port for the HTTPS protocol (always ``443``).
and also the following constants for integer status codes:
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Constant | Value | Definition |
+==========================================+=========+=======================================================================+
| :const:`CONTINUE` | ``100`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.1.1 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.1>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS` | ``101`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.1.2 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.2>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PROCESSING` | ``102`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.1 |
| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_102>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`OK` | ``200`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.2.1 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.1>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`CREATED` | ``201`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.2.2 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.2>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`ACCEPTED` | ``202`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.2.3 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.3>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION` | ``203`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.2.4 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.4>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NO_CONTENT` | ``204`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.2.5 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.5>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`RESET_CONTENT` | ``205`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.2.6 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.6>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PARTIAL_CONTENT` | ``206`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.2.7 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.7>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`MULTI_STATUS` | ``207`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.2 |
| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_207>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`IM_USED` | ``226`` | Delta encoding in HTTP, |
| | | :rfc:`3229`, Section 10.4.1 |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`MULTIPLE_CHOICES` | ``300`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.3.1 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.1>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`MOVED_PERMANENTLY` | ``301`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.3.2 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.2>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`FOUND` | ``302`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.3.3 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.3>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`SEE_OTHER` | ``303`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.3.4 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.4>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_MODIFIED` | ``304`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.3.5 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.5>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`USE_PROXY` | ``305`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.3.6 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.6>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`TEMPORARY_REDIRECT` | ``307`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.3.8 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.8>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`BAD_REQUEST` | ``400`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.1 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.1>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UNAUTHORIZED` | ``401`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.2 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.2>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PAYMENT_REQUIRED` | ``402`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.3 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.3>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`FORBIDDEN` | ``403`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.4 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.4>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_FOUND` | ``404`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.5 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.5>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED` | ``405`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.6 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.6>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_ACCEPTABLE` | ``406`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.7 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.7>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED` | ``407`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.8 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.8>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUEST_TIMEOUT` | ``408`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.9 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.9>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`CONFLICT` | ``409`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.10 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.10>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`GONE` | ``410`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.11 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.11>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`LENGTH_REQUIRED` | ``411`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.12 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.12>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PRECONDITION_FAILED` | ``412`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.13 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.13>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE` | ``413`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.14 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.14>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG` | ``414`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.15 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.15>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE` | ``415`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.16 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.16>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE` | ``416`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.17 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.17>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`EXPECTATION_FAILED` | ``417`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.4.18 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.18>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY` | ``422`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.3 |
| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_422>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`LOCKED` | ``423`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.4 |
| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_423>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`FAILED_DEPENDENCY` | ``424`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.5 |
| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_424>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UPGRADE_REQUIRED` | ``426`` | HTTP Upgrade to TLS, |
| | | :rfc:`2817`, Section 6 |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR` | ``500`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.5.1 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.1>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_IMPLEMENTED` | ``501`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.5.2 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.2>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`BAD_GATEWAY` | ``502`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.5.3 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.3>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE` | ``503`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.5.4 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.4>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`GATEWAY_TIMEOUT` | ``504`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.5.5 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.5>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED` | ``505`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section |
| | | 10.5.6 |
| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.6>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE` | ``507`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.6 |
| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_507>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_EXTENDED` | ``510`` | An HTTP Extension Framework, |
| | | :rfc:`2774`, Section 7 |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
.. data:: responses
This dictionary maps the HTTP 1.1 status codes to the W3C names.
Example: ``httplib.responses[httplib.NOT_FOUND]`` is ``'Not Found'``.
.. versionadded:: 2.5
.. _httpconnection-objects:
HTTPConnection Objects
----------------------
:class:`HTTPConnection` instances have the following methods:
.. method:: HTTPConnection.request(method, url[, body[, headers]])
This will send a request to the server using the HTTP request method *method*
and the selector *url*. If the *body* argument is present, it should be a
string of data to send after the headers are finished. Alternatively, it may
be an open file object, in which case the contents of the file is sent; this
file object should support ``fileno()`` and ``read()`` methods. The header
Content-Length is automatically set to the correct value. The *headers*
argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send with the request.
.. versionchanged:: 2.6
*body* can be a file object.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.getresponse()
Should be called after a request is sent to get the response from the server.
Returns an :class:`HTTPResponse` instance.
.. note::
Note that you must have read the whole response before you can send a new
request to the server.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.set_debuglevel(level)
Set the debugging level (the amount of debugging output printed). The default
debug level is ``0``, meaning no debugging output is printed.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.set_tunnel(host,port=None, headers=None)
Set the host and the port for HTTP Connect Tunnelling. Normally used when
it is required to do HTTPS Conection through a proxy server.
The headers argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send
with the CONNECT request.
.. versionadded:: 2.7
.. method:: HTTPConnection.connect()
Connect to the server specified when the object was created.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.close()
Close the connection to the server.
As an alternative to using the :meth:`request` method described above, you can
also send your request step by step, by using the four functions below.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.putrequest(request, selector[, skip_host[, skip_accept_encoding]])
This should be the first call after the connection to the server has been made.
It sends a line to the server consisting of the *request* string, the *selector*
string, and the HTTP version (``HTTP/1.1``). To disable automatic sending of
``Host:`` or ``Accept-Encoding:`` headers (for example to accept additional
content encodings), specify *skip_host* or *skip_accept_encoding* with non-False
values.
.. versionchanged:: 2.4
*skip_accept_encoding* argument added.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.putheader(header, argument[, ...])
Send an :rfc:`822`\ -style header to the server. It sends a line to the server
consisting of the header, a colon and a space, and the first argument. If more
arguments are given, continuation lines are sent, each consisting of a tab and
an argument.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.endheaders(message_body=None)
Send a blank line to the server, signalling the end of the headers. The
optional *message_body* argument can be used to pass a message body
associated with the request. The message body will be sent in the same
packet as the message headers if it is string, otherwise it is sent in a
separate packet.
.. versionchanged:: 2.7
*message_body* was added.
.. method:: HTTPConnection.send(data)
Send data to the server. This should be used directly only after the
:meth:`endheaders` method has been called and before :meth:`getresponse` is
called.
.. _httpresponse-objects:
HTTPResponse Objects
--------------------
:class:`HTTPResponse` instances have the following methods and attributes:
.. method:: HTTPResponse.read([amt])
Reads and returns the response body, or up to the next *amt* bytes.
.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheader(name[, default])
Get the contents of the header *name*, or *default* if there is no matching
header.
.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheaders()
Return a list of (header, value) tuples.
.. versionadded:: 2.4
.. method:: HTTPResponse.fileno()
Returns the ``fileno`` of the underlying socket.
.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.msg
A :class:`mimetools.Message` instance containing the response headers.
.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.version
HTTP protocol version used by server. 10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1.
.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.status
Status code returned by server.
.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.reason
Reason phrase returned by server.
.. _httplib-examples:
Examples
--------
Here is an example session that uses the ``GET`` method::
>>> import httplib
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
>>> conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
>>> r1 = conn.getresponse()
>>> print r1.status, r1.reason
200 OK
>>> data1 = r1.read()
>>> conn.request("GET", "/parrot.spam")
>>> r2 = conn.getresponse()
>>> print r2.status, r2.reason
404 Not Found
>>> data2 = r2.read()
>>> conn.close()
Here is an example session that uses the ``HEAD`` method. Note that the
``HEAD`` method never returns any data. ::
>>> import httplib
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
>>> conn.request("HEAD","/index.html")
>>> res = conn.getresponse()
>>> print res.status, res.reason
200 OK
>>> data = res.read()
>>> print len(data)
0
>>> data == ''
True
Here is an example session that shows how to ``POST`` requests::
>>> import httplib, urllib
>>> params = urllib.urlencode({'@number': 12524, '@type': 'issue', '@action': 'show'})
>>> headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
... "Accept": "text/plain"}
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("bugs.python.org")
>>> conn.request("POST", "", params, headers)
>>> response = conn.getresponse()
>>> print response.status, response.reason
302 Found
>>> data = response.read()
>>> data
'Redirecting to <a href="http://bugs.python.org/issue12524">http://bugs.python.org/issue12524</a>'
>>> conn.close()
Client side ``HTTP PUT`` requests are very similar to ``POST`` requests. The
difference lies only the server side where HTTP server will allow resources to
be created via ``PUT`` request. Here is an example session that shows how to do
``PUT`` request using httplib::
>>> # This creates an HTTP message
>>> # with the content of BODY as the enclosed representation
>>> # for the resource http://localhost:8080/foobar
...
>>> import httplib
>>> BODY = "***filecontents***"
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("localhost", 8080)
>>> conn.request("PUT", "/file", BODY)
>>> response = conn.getresponse()
>>> print resp.status, response.reason
200, OK
| Name | Type | Size | Permission | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2to3.txt | File | 12.37 KB | 0644 |
|
| __builtin__.txt | File | 1.45 KB | 0644 |
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| __future__.txt | File | 4.84 KB | 0644 |
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| __main__.txt | File | 535 B | 0644 |
|
| _winreg.txt | File | 22.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| abc.txt | File | 6.99 KB | 0644 |
|
| aepack.txt | File | 4.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| aetools.txt | File | 3.45 KB | 0644 |
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| aetypes.txt | File | 4.16 KB | 0644 |
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| aifc.txt | File | 6.91 KB | 0644 |
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| al.txt | File | 5.18 KB | 0644 |
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| allos.txt | File | 695 B | 0644 |
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| anydbm.txt | File | 3.87 KB | 0644 |
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| archiving.txt | File | 424 B | 0644 |
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| argparse.txt | File | 68.77 KB | 0644 |
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| array.txt | File | 10.4 KB | 0644 |
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| ast.txt | File | 9.7 KB | 0644 |
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| asynchat.txt | File | 8.99 KB | 0644 |
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| asyncore.txt | File | 12.37 KB | 0644 |
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| atexit.txt | File | 3.81 KB | 0644 |
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| audioop.txt | File | 10.15 KB | 0644 |
|
| autogil.txt | File | 1015 B | 0644 |
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| base64.txt | File | 5.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| basehttpserver.txt | File | 9.98 KB | 0644 |
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| bastion.txt | File | 2.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| bdb.txt | File | 12.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| binascii.txt | File | 6.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| binhex.txt | File | 1.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| bisect.txt | File | 5.29 KB | 0644 |
|
| bsddb.txt | File | 7.4 KB | 0644 |
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| bz2.txt | File | 7.72 KB | 0644 |
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| calendar.txt | File | 11.01 KB | 0644 |
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| carbon.txt | File | 15.58 KB | 0644 |
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| cd.txt | File | 11.69 KB | 0644 |
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| cgi.txt | File | 22.12 KB | 0644 |
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| cgihttpserver.txt | File | 2.72 KB | 0644 |
|
| cgitb.txt | File | 2.81 KB | 0644 |
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| chunk.txt | File | 4.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| cmath.txt | File | 7.45 KB | 0644 |
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| cmd.txt | File | 8.14 KB | 0644 |
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| code.txt | File | 6.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| codecs.txt | File | 63.19 KB | 0644 |
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| codeop.txt | File | 3.69 KB | 0644 |
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| collections.txt | File | 40.08 KB | 0644 |
|
| colorpicker.txt | File | 913 B | 0644 |
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| colorsys.txt | File | 1.78 KB | 0644 |
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| commands.txt | File | 2.53 KB | 0644 |
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| compileall.txt | File | 4.49 KB | 0644 |
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| compiler.txt | File | 36.59 KB | 0644 |
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| configparser.txt | File | 19 KB | 0644 |
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| constants.txt | File | 2.18 KB | 0644 |
|
| contextlib.txt | File | 5.36 KB | 0644 |
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| cookie.txt | File | 9.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| cookielib.txt | File | 27.09 KB | 0644 |
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| copy.txt | File | 3.29 KB | 0644 |
|
| copy_reg.txt | File | 2.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| crypt.txt | File | 2.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| crypto.txt | File | 771 B | 0644 |
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| csv.txt | File | 21.07 KB | 0644 |
|
| ctypes.txt | File | 86.41 KB | 0644 |
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| curses.ascii.txt | File | 8.8 KB | 0644 |
|
| curses.panel.txt | File | 2.68 KB | 0644 |
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| curses.txt | File | 70.87 KB | 0644 |
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| custominterp.txt | File | 570 B | 0644 |
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| datatypes.txt | File | 864 B | 0644 |
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| datetime.txt | File | 68.78 KB | 0644 |
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| dbhash.txt | File | 3.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| dbm.txt | File | 2.89 KB | 0644 |
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| debug.txt | File | 446 B | 0644 |
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| decimal.txt | File | 68.95 KB | 0644 |
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| development.txt | File | 640 B | 0644 |
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| difflib.txt | File | 29.85 KB | 0644 |
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| dircache.txt | File | 1.77 KB | 0644 |
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| dis.txt | File | 20.82 KB | 0644 |
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| distutils.txt | File | 1.13 KB | 0644 |
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| dl.txt | File | 3.31 KB | 0644 |
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| doctest.txt | File | 71.42 KB | 0644 |
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| docxmlrpcserver.txt | File | 3.66 KB | 0644 |
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| dumbdbm.txt | File | 2.62 KB | 0644 |
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| dummy_thread.txt | File | 1.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| dummy_threading.txt | File | 799 B | 0644 |
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| easydialogs.txt | File | 10.1 KB | 0644 |
|
| email-examples.txt | File | 1.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.charset.txt | File | 9.42 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.encoders.txt | File | 2.32 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.errors.txt | File | 3.73 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.generator.txt | File | 5.99 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.header.txt | File | 7.35 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.iterators.txt | File | 2.28 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.message.txt | File | 24.56 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.mime.txt | File | 9.42 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.parser.txt | File | 9.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.txt | File | 14.61 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.util.txt | File | 6.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| errno.txt | File | 6.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| exceptions.txt | File | 18.01 KB | 0644 |
|
| fcntl.txt | File | 6.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| filecmp.txt | File | 5.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| fileformats.txt | File | 302 B | 0644 |
|
| fileinput.txt | File | 7.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| filesys.txt | File | 806 B | 0644 |
|
| fl.txt | File | 17.23 KB | 0644 |
|
| fm.txt | File | 2.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| fnmatch.txt | File | 3.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| formatter.txt | File | 12.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| fpectl.txt | File | 4.07 KB | 0644 |
|
| fpformat.txt | File | 1.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| fractions.txt | File | 5.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| framework.txt | File | 11.18 KB | 0644 |
|
| frameworks.txt | File | 378 B | 0644 |
|
| ftplib.txt | File | 14.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| functions.txt | File | 72.74 KB | 0644 |
|
| functools.txt | File | 7.15 KB | 0644 |
|
| future_builtins.txt | File | 1.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| gc.txt | File | 8.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| gdbm.txt | File | 4.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| gensuitemodule.txt | File | 3.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| getopt.txt | File | 6.51 KB | 0644 |
|
| getpass.txt | File | 1.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| gettext.txt | File | 28.35 KB | 0644 |
|
| gl.txt | File | 5.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| glob.txt | File | 2.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| grp.txt | File | 2.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| gzip.txt | File | 4.62 KB | 0644 |
|
| hashlib.txt | File | 5.01 KB | 0644 |
|
| heapq.txt | File | 12.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| hmac.txt | File | 1.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| hotshot.txt | File | 4.19 KB | 0644 |
|
| htmllib.txt | File | 7.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| htmlparser.txt | File | 11.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| httplib.txt | File | 35.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| i18n.txt | File | 409 B | 0644 |
|
| ic.txt | File | 4.89 KB | 0644 |
|
| idle.txt | File | 7.88 KB | 0644 |
|
| imageop.txt | File | 3.91 KB | 0644 |
|
| imaplib.txt | File | 16.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| imgfile.txt | File | 2.7 KB | 0644 |
|
| imghdr.txt | File | 2.57 KB | 0644 |
|
| imp.txt | File | 12.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| importlib.txt | File | 1.1 KB | 0644 |
|
| imputil.txt | File | 6.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| index.txt | File | 2.23 KB | 0644 |
|
| inspect.txt | File | 27.21 KB | 0644 |
|
| internet.txt | File | 950 B | 0644 |
|
| intro.txt | File | 2.74 KB | 0644 |
|
| io.txt | File | 36.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| ipc.txt | File | 631 B | 0644 |
|
| itertools.txt | File | 34.69 KB | 0644 |
|
| jpeg.txt | File | 3.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| json.txt | File | 23.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| keyword.txt | File | 617 B | 0644 |
|
| language.txt | File | 523 B | 0644 |
|
| linecache.txt | File | 1.84 KB | 0644 |
|
| locale.txt | File | 24.19 KB | 0644 |
|
| logging.config.txt | File | 29.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| logging.handlers.txt | File | 26.45 KB | 0644 |
|
| logging.txt | File | 43.67 KB | 0644 |
|
| mac.txt | File | 791 B | 0644 |
|
| macos.txt | File | 3.73 KB | 0644 |
|
| macosa.txt | File | 3.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| macostools.txt | File | 3.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| macpath.txt | File | 650 B | 0644 |
|
| mailbox.txt | File | 66.51 KB | 0644 |
|
| mailcap.txt | File | 3.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| markup.txt | File | 1.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| marshal.txt | File | 5.47 KB | 0644 |
|
| math.txt | File | 10.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| md5.txt | File | 2.75 KB | 0644 |
|
| mhlib.txt | File | 3.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimetools.txt | File | 4.4 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimetypes.txt | File | 9.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimewriter.txt | File | 3.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimify.txt | File | 3.44 KB | 0644 |
|
| miniaeframe.txt | File | 2.5 KB | 0644 |
|
| misc.txt | File | 248 B | 0644 |
|
| mm.txt | File | 447 B | 0644 |
|
| mmap.txt | File | 10.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| modulefinder.txt | File | 3.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| modules.txt | File | 382 B | 0644 |
|
| msilib.txt | File | 18.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| msvcrt.txt | File | 4.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| multifile.txt | File | 6.46 KB | 0644 |
|
| multiprocessing.txt | File | 79.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| mutex.txt | File | 1.89 KB | 0644 |
|
| netdata.txt | File | 432 B | 0644 |
|
| netrc.txt | File | 2.54 KB | 0644 |
|
| new.txt | File | 2.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| nis.txt | File | 2.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| nntplib.txt | File | 14.18 KB | 0644 |
|
| numbers.txt | File | 7.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| numeric.txt | File | 751 B | 0644 |
|
| operator.txt | File | 21.57 KB | 0644 |
|
| optparse.txt | File | 75.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| os.path.txt | File | 12.45 KB | 0644 |
|
| os.txt | File | 79.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| ossaudiodev.txt | File | 16.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| othergui.txt | File | 2.73 KB | 0644 |
|
| parser.txt | File | 15.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| pdb.txt | File | 15.61 KB | 0644 |
|
| persistence.txt | File | 826 B | 0644 |
|
| pickle.txt | File | 36.25 KB | 0644 |
|
| pickletools.txt | File | 1.95 KB | 0644 |
|
| pipes.txt | File | 3.7 KB | 0644 |
|
| pkgutil.txt | File | 7.53 KB | 0644 |
|
| platform.txt | File | 9.15 KB | 0644 |
|
| plistlib.txt | File | 4.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| popen2.txt | File | 6.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| poplib.txt | File | 6.07 KB | 0644 |
|
| posix.txt | File | 3.51 KB | 0644 |
|
| posixfile.txt | File | 7.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| pprint.txt | File | 8.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| profile.txt | File | 27.81 KB | 0644 |
|
| pty.txt | File | 1.72 KB | 0644 |
|
| pwd.txt | File | 2.66 KB | 0644 |
|
| py_compile.txt | File | 2.42 KB | 0644 |
|
| pyclbr.txt | File | 3.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| pydoc.txt | File | 3.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| pyexpat.txt | File | 27.83 KB | 0644 |
|
| python.txt | File | 531 B | 0644 |
|
| queue.txt | File | 6.8 KB | 0644 |
|
| quopri.txt | File | 2.61 KB | 0644 |
|
| random.txt | File | 12.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| re.txt | File | 51.28 KB | 0644 |
|
| readline.txt | File | 7.08 KB | 0644 |
|
| repr.txt | File | 4.57 KB | 0644 |
|
| resource.txt | File | 9.61 KB | 0644 |
|
| restricted.txt | File | 3.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| rexec.txt | File | 11.47 KB | 0644 |
|
| rfc822.txt | File | 13.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| rlcompleter.txt | File | 2.44 KB | 0644 |
|
| robotparser.txt | File | 2.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| runpy.txt | File | 6.46 KB | 0644 |
|
| sched.txt | File | 4.49 KB | 0644 |
|
| scrolledtext.txt | File | 1.32 KB | 0644 |
|
| select.txt | File | 20.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| sets.txt | File | 14.54 KB | 0644 |
|
| sgi.txt | File | 322 B | 0644 |
|
| sgmllib.txt | File | 10.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| sha.txt | File | 2.74 KB | 0644 |
|
| shelve.txt | File | 7.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| shlex.txt | File | 10.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| shutil.txt | File | 12.88 KB | 0644 |
|
| signal.txt | File | 10.33 KB | 0644 |
|
| simplehttpserver.txt | File | 4.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| simplexmlrpcserver.txt | File | 9.7 KB | 0644 |
|
| site.txt | File | 7.4 KB | 0644 |
|
| smtpd.txt | File | 2.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| smtplib.txt | File | 14.1 KB | 0644 |
|
| sndhdr.txt | File | 1.72 KB | 0644 |
|
| socket.txt | File | 39.7 KB | 0644 |
|
| socketserver.txt | File | 20.12 KB | 0644 |
|
| someos.txt | File | 599 B | 0644 |
|
| spwd.txt | File | 2.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| sqlite3.txt | File | 34.28 KB | 0644 |
|
| ssl.txt | File | 27.8 KB | 0644 |
|
| stat.txt | File | 7.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| statvfs.txt | File | 1.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| stdtypes.txt | File | 115.81 KB | 0644 |
|
| string.txt | File | 42.78 KB | 0644 |
|
| stringio.txt | File | 4 KB | 0644 |
|
| stringprep.txt | File | 4.15 KB | 0644 |
|
| strings.txt | File | 746 B | 0644 |
|
| struct.txt | File | 16.7 KB | 0644 |
|
| subprocess.txt | File | 32.68 KB | 0644 |
|
| sun.txt | File | 249 B | 0644 |
|
| sunau.txt | File | 6.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| sunaudio.txt | File | 5.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| symbol.txt | File | 975 B | 0644 |
|
| symtable.txt | File | 4.89 KB | 0644 |
|
| sys.txt | File | 45.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| sysconfig.txt | File | 7.38 KB | 0644 |
|
| syslog.txt | File | 3.84 KB | 0644 |
|
| tabnanny.txt | File | 1.97 KB | 0644 |
|
| tarfile.txt | File | 26.51 KB | 0644 |
|
| telnetlib.txt | File | 7.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| tempfile.txt | File | 10.23 KB | 0644 |
|
| termios.txt | File | 3.66 KB | 0644 |
|
| test.txt | File | 17.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| textwrap.txt | File | 8.35 KB | 0644 |
|
| thread.txt | File | 6.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| threading.txt | File | 31.1 KB | 0644 |
|
| time.txt | File | 24.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| timeit.txt | File | 11.25 KB | 0644 |
|
| tix.txt | File | 22.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| tk.txt | File | 1.57 KB | 0644 |
|
| tkinter.txt | File | 30.56 KB | 0644 |
|
| token.txt | File | 2.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| tokenize.txt | File | 5 KB | 0644 |
|
| trace.txt | File | 6.57 KB | 0644 |
|
| traceback.txt | File | 10.45 KB | 0644 |
|
| ttk.txt | File | 56.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| tty.txt | File | 1011 B | 0644 |
|
| turtle.txt | File | 62.57 KB | 0644 |
|
| types.txt | File | 6.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| undoc.txt | File | 6.4 KB | 0644 |
|
| unicodedata.txt | File | 5.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| unittest.txt | File | 80.78 KB | 0644 |
|
| unix.txt | File | 490 B | 0644 |
|
| urllib.txt | File | 22.47 KB | 0644 |
|
| urllib2.txt | File | 33.13 KB | 0644 |
|
| urlparse.txt | File | 15.61 KB | 0644 |
|
| user.txt | File | 2.68 KB | 0644 |
|
| userdict.txt | File | 8.69 KB | 0644 |
|
| uu.txt | File | 2.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| uuid.txt | File | 8.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| warnings.txt | File | 19.32 KB | 0644 |
|
| wave.txt | File | 4.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| weakref.txt | File | 12.66 KB | 0644 |
|
| webbrowser.txt | File | 8.97 KB | 0644 |
|
| whichdb.txt | File | 931 B | 0644 |
|
| windows.txt | File | 273 B | 0644 |
|
| winsound.txt | File | 4.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| wsgiref.txt | File | 29.84 KB | 0644 |
|
| xdrlib.txt | File | 7.89 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.dom.minidom.txt | File | 10.91 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.dom.pulldom.txt | File | 1.53 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.dom.txt | File | 39.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.etree.elementtree.txt | File | 31.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.handler.txt | File | 14.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.reader.txt | File | 11.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.txt | File | 6.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.utils.txt | File | 3.4 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.txt | File | 5.56 KB | 0644 |
|
| xmlrpclib.txt | File | 21.4 KB | 0644 |
|
| zipfile.txt | File | 17.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| zipimport.txt | File | 5.78 KB | 0644 |
|
| zlib.txt | File | 10.13 KB | 0644 |
|