<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Complex Number Objects — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT: '../',
VERSION: '2.7.5',
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation"
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
<link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
<link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" />
<link rel="up" title="Concrete Objects Layer" href="concrete.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Byte Array Objects" href="bytearray.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Floating Point Objects" href="float.html" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="bytearray.html" title="Byte Array Objects"
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="float.html" title="Floating Point Objects"
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
<li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li>
<a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> »
</li>
<li><a href="index.html" >Python/C API Reference Manual</a> »</li>
<li><a href="concrete.html" accesskey="U">Concrete Objects Layer</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="documentwrapper">
<div class="bodywrapper">
<div class="body">
<div class="section" id="complex-number-objects">
<span id="complexobjects"></span><h1>Complex Number Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-number-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0">Python’s complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types when
viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to Python programs, and
the other is a C structure which represents the actual complex number value.
The API provides functions for working with both.</p>
<div class="section" id="complex-numbers-as-c-structures">
<h2>Complex Numbers as C Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-numbers-as-c-structures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Note that the functions which accept these structures as parameters and return
them as results do so <em>by value</em> rather than dereferencing them through
pointers. This is consistent throughout the API.</p>
<dl class="type">
<dt id="Py_complex">
<tt class="descname">Py_complex</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#Py_complex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The C structure which corresponds to the value portion of a Python complex
number object. Most of the functions for dealing with complex number objects
use structures of this type as input or output values, as appropriate. It is
defined as:</p>
<div class="highlight-c"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">real</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">imag</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">Py_complex</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="_Py_c_sum">
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <tt class="descname">_Py_c_sum</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> left</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> right</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#_Py_c_sum" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the sum of two complex numbers, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a>
representation.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="_Py_c_diff">
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <tt class="descname">_Py_c_diff</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> left</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> right</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#_Py_c_diff" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the difference between two complex numbers, using the C
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a> representation.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="_Py_c_neg">
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <tt class="descname">_Py_c_neg</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> complex</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#_Py_c_neg" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the negation of the complex number <em>complex</em>, using the C
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a> representation.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="_Py_c_prod">
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <tt class="descname">_Py_c_prod</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> left</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> right</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#_Py_c_prod" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the product of two complex numbers, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a>
representation.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="_Py_c_quot">
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <tt class="descname">_Py_c_quot</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> dividend</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> divisor</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#_Py_c_quot" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the quotient of two complex numbers, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a>
representation.</p>
<p>If <em>divisor</em> is null, this method returns zero and sets
<tt class="xref c c-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">errno</span></tt> to <tt class="xref c c-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">EDOM</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="_Py_c_pow">
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <tt class="descname">_Py_c_pow</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> num</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> exp</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#_Py_c_pow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the exponentiation of <em>num</em> by <em>exp</em>, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a>
representation.</p>
<p>If <em>num</em> is null and <em>exp</em> is not a positive real number,
this method returns zero and sets <tt class="xref c c-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">errno</span></tt> to <tt class="xref c c-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">EDOM</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="complex-numbers-as-python-objects">
<h2>Complex Numbers as Python Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-numbers-as-python-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="type">
<dt id="PyComplexObject">
<tt class="descname">PyComplexObject</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplexObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This subtype of <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></tt></a> represents a Python complex number object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="var">
<dt id="PyComplex_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a> <tt class="descname">PyComplex_Type</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_Type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></tt></a> represents the Python complex number
type. It is the same object as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">complex</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">types.ComplexType</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyComplex_Check">
int <tt class="descname">PyComplex_Check</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_Check" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></tt></a> or a subtype of
<a class="reference internal" href="#PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.2: </span>Allowed subtypes to be accepted.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyComplex_CheckExact">
int <tt class="descname">PyComplex_CheckExact</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_CheckExact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></tt></a>, but not a subtype of
<a class="reference internal" href="#PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyComplex_FromCComplex">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyComplex_FromCComplex</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> v</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_FromCComplex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Create a new Python complex number object from a C <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a> value.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyComplex_FromDoubles">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyComplex_FromDoubles</tt><big>(</big>double<em> real</em>, double<em> imag</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_FromDoubles" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></tt></a> object from <em>real</em> and <em>imag</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyComplex_RealAsDouble">
double <tt class="descname">PyComplex_RealAsDouble</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *op</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_RealAsDouble" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the real part of <em>op</em> as a C <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">double</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyComplex_ImagAsDouble">
double <tt class="descname">PyComplex_ImagAsDouble</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *op</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_ImagAsDouble" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the imaginary part of <em>op</em> as a C <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">double</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyComplex_AsCComplex">
<a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <tt class="descname">PyComplex_AsCComplex</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *op</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyComplex_AsCComplex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the <a class="reference internal" href="#Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></tt></a> value of the complex number <em>op</em>.
Upon failure, this method returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1.0</span></tt> as a real value.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span>If <em>op</em> is not a Python complex number object but has a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__complex__" title="object.__complex__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">__complex__()</span></tt></a>
method, this method will first be called to convert <em>op</em> to a Python complex
number object.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Complex Number Objects</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#complex-numbers-as-c-structures">Complex Numbers as C Structures</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#complex-numbers-as-python-objects">Complex Numbers as Python Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="float.html"
title="previous chapter">Floating Point Objects</a></p>
<h4>Next topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="bytearray.html"
title="next chapter">Byte Array Objects</a></p>
<h3>This Page</h3>
<ul class="this-page-menu">
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
<li><a href="../_sources/c-api/complex.txt"
rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="searchbox" style="display: none">
<h3>Quick search</h3>
<form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q" />
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</form>
<p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%">
Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
</p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
>index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="bytearray.html" title="Byte Array Objects"
>next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="float.html" title="Floating Point Objects"
>previous</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
<li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li>
<a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> »
</li>
<li><a href="index.html" >Python/C API Reference Manual</a> »</li>
<li><a href="concrete.html" >Concrete Objects Layer</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer">
© <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2019, Python Software Foundation.
<br />
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
<a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
<br />
Last updated on Jul 03, 2019.
<a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
<br />
Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3.
</div>
</body>
</html>| Name | Type | Size | Permission | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| abstract.html | File | 7.09 KB | 0644 |
|
| allocation.html | File | 16.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| arg.html | File | 55.63 KB | 0644 |
|
| bool.html | File | 9.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| buffer.html | File | 43.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| bytearray.html | File | 13.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| capsule.html | File | 19.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| cell.html | File | 10.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| class.html | File | 10.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| cobject.html | File | 11.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| code.html | File | 10.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| codec.html | File | 18.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| complex.html | File | 19.01 KB | 0644 |
|
| concrete.html | File | 15.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| conversion.html | File | 20.98 KB | 0644 |
|
| datetime.html | File | 23.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| descriptor.html | File | 10.97 KB | 0644 |
|
| dict.html | File | 29.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| exceptions.html | File | 75.95 KB | 0644 |
|
| file.html | File | 21.85 KB | 0644 |
|
| float.html | File | 15.85 KB | 0644 |
|
| function.html | File | 13.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| gcsupport.html | File | 20.25 KB | 0644 |
|
| gen.html | File | 7.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| import.html | File | 32.45 KB | 0644 |
|
| index.html | File | 12.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| init.html | File | 96.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| int.html | File | 18.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| intro.html | File | 62.21 KB | 0644 |
|
| iter.html | File | 9.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| iterator.html | File | 10.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| list.html | File | 22.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| long.html | File | 31.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| mapping.html | File | 14.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| marshal.html | File | 14.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| memory.html | File | 23.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| method.html | File | 12.47 KB | 0644 |
|
| module.html | File | 15.33 KB | 0644 |
|
| none.html | File | 7.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| number.html | File | 43.95 KB | 0644 |
|
| objbuffer.html | File | 11.26 KB | 0644 |
|
| object.html | File | 51.97 KB | 0644 |
|
| objimpl.html | File | 6.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| refcounting.html | File | 11.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| reflection.html | File | 9.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| sequence.html | File | 28.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| set.html | File | 28.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| slice.html | File | 11.19 KB | 0644 |
|
| string.html | File | 33.52 KB | 0644 |
|
| structures.html | File | 30.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| sys.html | File | 19.18 KB | 0644 |
|
| tuple.html | File | 19.49 KB | 0644 |
|
| type.html | File | 12.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| typeobj.html | File | 150.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| unicode.html | File | 105.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| utilities.html | File | 7.23 KB | 0644 |
|
| veryhigh.html | File | 40.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| weakref.html | File | 12.48 KB | 0644 |
|