<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Concrete Objects Layer — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT: '../',
VERSION: '2.7.5',
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation"
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
<link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
<link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" />
<link rel="up" title="Python/C API Reference Manual" href="index.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Type Objects" href="type.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Old Buffer Protocol" href="objbuffer.html" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="type.html" title="Type Objects"
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="objbuffer.html" title="Old Buffer Protocol"
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
<li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li>
<a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> »
</li>
<li><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Python/C API Reference Manual</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="documentwrapper">
<div class="bodywrapper">
<div class="body">
<div class="section" id="concrete-objects-layer">
<span id="concrete"></span><h1>Concrete Objects Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#concrete-objects-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types.
Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an
object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type,
you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a
dictionary, use <a class="reference internal" href="dict.html#PyDict_Check" title="PyDict_Check"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyDict_Check()</span></tt></a>. The chapter is structured like the
“family tree” of Python object types.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the
objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for <em>NULL</em> being passed
instead of a valid object. Allowing <em>NULL</em> to be passed in can cause memory
access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fundamental-objects">
<span id="fundamental"></span><h2>Fundamental Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#fundamental-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="type.html">Type Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="none.html">The None Object</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="numeric-objects">
<span id="numericobjects"></span><h2>Numeric Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#numeric-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound" id="index-0">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="int.html">Plain Integer Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bool.html">Boolean Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="long.html">Long Integer Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="float.html">Floating Point Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="complex.html">Complex Number Objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="complex.html#complex-numbers-as-c-structures">Complex Numbers as C Structures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="complex.html#complex-numbers-as-python-objects">Complex Numbers as Python Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sequence-objects">
<span id="sequenceobjects"></span><h2>Sequence Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#sequence-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p id="index-1">Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter;
this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are
intrinsic to the Python language.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bytearray.html">Byte Array Objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bytearray.html#type-check-macros">Type check macros</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bytearray.html#direct-api-functions">Direct API functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bytearray.html#macros">Macros</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html">String/Bytes Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html">Unicode Objects and Codecs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#unicode-objects">Unicode Objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#unicode-type">Unicode Type</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#unicode-character-properties">Unicode Character Properties</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#plain-py-unicode">Plain Py_UNICODE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#wchar-t-support">wchar_t Support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#built-in-codecs">Built-in Codecs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#generic-codecs">Generic Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#utf-8-codecs">UTF-8 Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#utf-32-codecs">UTF-32 Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#utf-16-codecs">UTF-16 Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#utf-7-codecs">UTF-7 Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#unicode-escape-codecs">Unicode-Escape Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#raw-unicode-escape-codecs">Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#latin-1-codecs">Latin-1 Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#ascii-codecs">ASCII Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#character-map-codecs">Character Map Codecs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#mbcs-codecs-for-windows">MBCS codecs for Windows</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#methods-slots">Methods & Slots</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#methods-and-slot-functions">Methods and Slot Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html">Buffers and Memoryview Objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#the-new-style-py-buffer-struct">The new-style Py_buffer struct</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#buffer-related-functions">Buffer related functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#memoryview-objects">MemoryView objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buffer.html#old-style-buffer-objects">Old-style buffer objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tuple.html">Tuple Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="list.html">List Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mapping-objects">
<span id="mapobjects"></span><h2>Mapping Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound" id="index-2">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dict.html">Dictionary Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="other-objects">
<span id="otherobjects"></span><h2>Other Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#other-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="class.html">Class and Instance Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="function.html">Function Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="method.html">Method Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="file.html">File Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="module.html">Module Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="iterator.html">Iterator Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="descriptor.html">Descriptor Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="slice.html">Slice Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="weakref.html">Weak Reference Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="capsule.html">Capsules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cobject.html">CObjects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cell.html">Cell Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gen.html">Generator Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html">DateTime Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="set.html">Set Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="code.html">Code Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Concrete Objects Layer</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fundamental-objects">Fundamental Objects</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#numeric-objects">Numeric Objects</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sequence-objects">Sequence Objects</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mapping-objects">Mapping Objects</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-objects">Other Objects</a><ul>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="objbuffer.html"
title="previous chapter">Old Buffer Protocol</a></p>
<h4>Next topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="type.html"
title="next chapter">Type Objects</a></p>
<h3>This Page</h3>
<ul class="this-page-menu">
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
<li><a href="../_sources/c-api/concrete.txt"
rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="searchbox" style="display: none">
<h3>Quick search</h3>
<form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q" />
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</form>
<p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%">
Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
</p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
>index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="type.html" title="Type Objects"
>next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="objbuffer.html" title="Old Buffer Protocol"
>previous</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
<li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li>
<a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> »
</li>
<li><a href="index.html" >Python/C API Reference Manual</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer">
© <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2019, Python Software Foundation.
<br />
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
<a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
<br />
Last updated on Jul 03, 2019.
<a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
<br />
Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3.
</div>
</body>
</html>| Name | Type | Size | Permission | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| abstract.html | File | 7.09 KB | 0644 |
|
| allocation.html | File | 16.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| arg.html | File | 55.63 KB | 0644 |
|
| bool.html | File | 9.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| buffer.html | File | 43.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| bytearray.html | File | 13.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| capsule.html | File | 19.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| cell.html | File | 10.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| class.html | File | 10.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| cobject.html | File | 11.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| code.html | File | 10.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| codec.html | File | 18.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| complex.html | File | 19.01 KB | 0644 |
|
| concrete.html | File | 15.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| conversion.html | File | 20.98 KB | 0644 |
|
| datetime.html | File | 23.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| descriptor.html | File | 10.97 KB | 0644 |
|
| dict.html | File | 29.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| exceptions.html | File | 75.95 KB | 0644 |
|
| file.html | File | 21.85 KB | 0644 |
|
| float.html | File | 15.85 KB | 0644 |
|
| function.html | File | 13.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| gcsupport.html | File | 20.25 KB | 0644 |
|
| gen.html | File | 7.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| import.html | File | 32.45 KB | 0644 |
|
| index.html | File | 12.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| init.html | File | 96.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| int.html | File | 18.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| intro.html | File | 62.21 KB | 0644 |
|
| iter.html | File | 9.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| iterator.html | File | 10.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| list.html | File | 22.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| long.html | File | 31.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| mapping.html | File | 14.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| marshal.html | File | 14.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| memory.html | File | 23.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| method.html | File | 12.47 KB | 0644 |
|
| module.html | File | 15.33 KB | 0644 |
|
| none.html | File | 7.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| number.html | File | 43.95 KB | 0644 |
|
| objbuffer.html | File | 11.26 KB | 0644 |
|
| object.html | File | 51.97 KB | 0644 |
|
| objimpl.html | File | 6.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| refcounting.html | File | 11.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| reflection.html | File | 9.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| sequence.html | File | 28.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| set.html | File | 28.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| slice.html | File | 11.19 KB | 0644 |
|
| string.html | File | 33.52 KB | 0644 |
|
| structures.html | File | 30.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| sys.html | File | 19.18 KB | 0644 |
|
| tuple.html | File | 19.49 KB | 0644 |
|
| type.html | File | 12.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| typeobj.html | File | 150.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| unicode.html | File | 105.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| utilities.html | File | 7.23 KB | 0644 |
|
| veryhigh.html | File | 40.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| weakref.html | File | 12.48 KB | 0644 |
|