<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>18.1.1. email.message: Representing an email message — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT: '../',
VERSION: '2.7.5',
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation"
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
<link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
<link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" />
<link rel="up" title="18.1. email — An email and MIME handling package" href="email.html" />
<link rel="next" title="18.1.2. email.parser: Parsing email messages" href="email.parser.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="18.1. email — An email and MIME handling package" href="email.html" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="email.parser.html" title="18.1.2. email.parser: Parsing email messages"
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="email.html" title="18.1. email — An email and MIME handling package"
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
<li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li>
<a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> »
</li>
<li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>
<li><a href="netdata.html" >18. Internet Data Handling</a> »</li>
<li><a href="email.html" accesskey="U">18.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt> — An email and MIME handling package</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="documentwrapper">
<div class="bodywrapper">
<div class="body">
<div class="section" id="module-email.message">
<span id="email-message-representing-an-email-message"></span><h1>18.1.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-email.message" title="email.message: The base class representing email messages."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.message</span></tt></a>: Representing an email message<a class="headerlink" href="#module-email.message" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The central class in the <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt></a> package is the <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> class,
imported from the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-email.message" title="email.message: The base class representing email messages."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.message</span></tt></a> module. It is the base class for the
<a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt></a> object model. <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> provides the core functionality for
setting and querying header fields, and for accessing message bodies.</p>
<p>Conceptually, a <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> object consists of <em>headers</em> and <em>payloads</em>.
Headers are <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> style field names and values where the field name and
value are separated by a colon. The colon is not part of either the field name
or the field value.</p>
<p>Headers are stored and returned in case-preserving form but are matched
case-insensitively. There may also be a single envelope header, also known as
the <em>Unix-From</em> header or the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">From_</span></tt> header. The payload is either a string
in the case of simple message objects or a list of <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects for
MIME container documents (e.g. <em class="mimetype">multipart/*</em> and
<em class="mimetype">message/rfc822</em>).</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects provide a mapping style interface for accessing the
message headers, and an explicit interface for accessing both the headers and
the payload. It provides convenience methods for generating a flat text
representation of the message object tree, for accessing commonly used header
parameters, and for recursively walking over the object tree.</p>
<p>Here are the methods of the <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> class:</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="email.message.Message">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">email.message.</tt><tt class="descname">Message</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The constructor takes no arguments.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.as_string">
<tt class="descname">as_string</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>unixfrom</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.as_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the entire message flattened as a string. When optional <em>unixfrom</em>
is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, the envelope header is included in the returned string.
<em>unixfrom</em> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>. Flattening the message may trigger
changes to the <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> if defaults need to be filled in to
complete the transformation to a string (for example, MIME boundaries may
be generated or modified).</p>
<p>Note that this method is provided as a convenience and may not always
format the message the way you want. For example, by default it mangles
lines that begin with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">From</span></tt>. For more flexibility, instantiate a
<a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html#email.generator.Generator" title="email.generator.Generator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Generator</span></tt></a> instance and use its <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">flatten()</span></tt>
method directly. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">cStringIO</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">StringIO</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">email.generator</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Generator</span>
<span class="n">fp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringIO</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Generator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mangle_from_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">maxheaderlen</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getvalue</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.__str__">
<tt class="descname">__str__</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.__str__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">as_string(unixfrom=True)</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.is_multipart">
<tt class="descname">is_multipart</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.is_multipart" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> if the message’s payload is a list of sub-<a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects, otherwise return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>. When
<a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.is_multipart" title="email.message.Message.is_multipart"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_multipart()</span></tt></a> returns False, the payload should be a string object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.set_unixfrom">
<tt class="descname">set_unixfrom</tt><big>(</big><em>unixfrom</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.set_unixfrom" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the message’s envelope header to <em>unixfrom</em>, which should be a string.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_unixfrom">
<tt class="descname">get_unixfrom</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_unixfrom" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the message’s envelope header. Defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if the
envelope header was never set.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.attach">
<tt class="descname">attach</tt><big>(</big><em>payload</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.attach" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add the given <em>payload</em> to the current payload, which must be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> or
a list of <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects before the call. After the call, the
payload will always be a list of <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects. If you want to
set the payload to a scalar object (e.g. a string), use
<a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.set_payload" title="email.message.Message.set_payload"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_payload()</span></tt></a> instead.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_payload">
<tt class="descname">get_payload</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>i</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>decode</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_payload" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the current payload, which will be a list of
<a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects when <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.is_multipart" title="email.message.Message.is_multipart"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_multipart()</span></tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, or a
string when <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.is_multipart" title="email.message.Message.is_multipart"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_multipart()</span></tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>. If the payload is a list
and you mutate the list object, you modify the message’s payload in place.</p>
<p>With optional argument <em>i</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_payload" title="email.message.Message.get_payload"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_payload()</span></tt></a> will return the <em>i</em>-th
element of the payload, counting from zero, if <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.is_multipart" title="email.message.Message.is_multipart"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_multipart()</span></tt></a> is
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>. An <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.IndexError" title="exceptions.IndexError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></tt></a> will be raised if <em>i</em> is less than 0 or
greater than or equal to the number of items in the payload. If the
payload is a string (i.e. <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.is_multipart" title="email.message.Message.is_multipart"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_multipart()</span></tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>) and <em>i</em> is
given, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt></a> is raised.</p>
<p>Optional <em>decode</em> is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
decoded or not, according to the <em class="mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding</em>
header. When <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> and the message is not a multipart, the payload will
be decoded if this header’s value is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">quoted-printable</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">base64</span></tt>.
If some other encoding is used, or <em class="mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding</em>
header is missing, or if the payload has bogus base64 data, the payload is
returned as-is (undecoded). If the message is a multipart and the
<em>decode</em> flag is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, then <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> is returned. The default for
<em>decode</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.set_payload">
<tt class="descname">set_payload</tt><big>(</big><em>payload</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>charset</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.set_payload" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the entire message object’s payload to <em>payload</em>. It is the client’s
responsibility to ensure the payload invariants. Optional <em>charset</em> sets
the message’s default character set; see <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.set_charset" title="email.message.Message.set_charset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_charset()</span></tt></a> for details.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.2.2: </span><em>charset</em> argument added.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.set_charset">
<tt class="descname">set_charset</tt><big>(</big><em>charset</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.set_charset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the character set of the payload to <em>charset</em>, which can either be a
<a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html#email.charset.Charset" title="email.charset.Charset"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Charset</span></tt></a> instance (see <a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html#module-email.charset" title="email.charset: Character Sets"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.charset</span></tt></a>), a
string naming a character set, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>. If it is a string, it will
be converted to a <a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html#email.charset.Charset" title="email.charset.Charset"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Charset</span></tt></a> instance. If <em>charset</em>
is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">charset</span></tt> parameter will be removed from the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header (the message will not be otherwise
modified). Anything else will generate a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p>If there is no existing <em class="mailheader">MIME-Version</em> header one will be
added. If there is no existing <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header, one
will be added with a value of <em class="mimetype">text/plain</em>. Whether the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header already exists or not, its <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">charset</span></tt>
parameter will be set to <em>charset.output_charset</em>. If
<em>charset.input_charset</em> and <em>charset.output_charset</em> differ, the payload
will be re-encoded to the <em>output_charset</em>. If there is no existing
<em class="mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding</em> header, then the payload will be
transfer-encoded, if needed, using the specified
<a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html#email.charset.Charset" title="email.charset.Charset"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Charset</span></tt></a>, and a header with the appropriate value
will be added. If a <em class="mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding</em> header
already exists, the payload is assumed to already be correctly encoded
using that <em class="mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding</em> and is not modified.</p>
<p>The message will be assumed to be of type <em class="mimetype">text/*</em>, with the
payload either in unicode or encoded with <em>charset.input_charset</em>.
It will be encoded or converted to <em>charset.output_charset</em>
and transfer encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
representation of the message. MIME headers (<em class="mailheader">MIME-Version</em>,
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>, <em class="mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding</em>) will
be added as needed.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_charset">
<tt class="descname">get_charset</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_charset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the <a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html#email.charset.Charset" title="email.charset.Charset"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Charset</span></tt></a> instance associated with the
message’s payload.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<p>The following methods implement a mapping-like interface for accessing the
message’s <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> headers. Note that there are some semantic differences
between these methods and a normal mapping (i.e. dictionary) interface. For
example, in a dictionary there are no duplicate keys, but here there may be
duplicate message headers. Also, in dictionaries there is no guaranteed
order to the keys returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.keys" title="email.message.Message.keys"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">keys()</span></tt></a>, but in a <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> object,
headers are always returned in the order they appeared in the original
message, or were added to the message later. Any header deleted and then
re-added are always appended to the end of the header list.</p>
<p>These semantic differences are intentional and are biased toward maximal
convenience.</p>
<p>Note that in all cases, any envelope header present in the message is not
included in the mapping interface.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.__len__">
<tt class="descname">__len__</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.__len__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the total number of headers, including duplicates.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.__contains__">
<tt class="descname">__contains__</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.__contains__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the message object has a field named <em>name</em>. Matching is
done case-insensitively and <em>name</em> should not include the trailing colon.
Used for the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in</span></tt> operator, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">if</span> <span class="s">'message-id'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">myMessage</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">'Message-ID:'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">myMessage</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'message-id'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.__getitem__">
<tt class="descname">__getitem__</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.__getitem__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the named header field. <em>name</em> should not include the
colon field separator. If the header is missing, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> is returned; a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></tt></a> is never raised.</p>
<p>Note that if the named field appears more than once in the message’s
headers, exactly which of those field values will be returned is
undefined. Use the <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_all" title="email.message.Message.get_all"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_all()</span></tt></a> method to get the values of all the
extant named headers.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.__setitem__">
<tt class="descname">__setitem__</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em>, <em>val</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.__setitem__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add a header to the message with field name <em>name</em> and value <em>val</em>. The
field is appended to the end of the message’s existing fields.</p>
<p>Note that this does <em>not</em> overwrite or delete any existing header with the same
name. If you want to ensure that the new header is the only one present in the
message with field name <em>name</em>, delete the field first, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'subject'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'subject'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'Python roolz!'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.__delitem__">
<tt class="descname">__delitem__</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.__delitem__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Delete all occurrences of the field with name <em>name</em> from the message’s
headers. No exception is raised if the named field isn’t present in the headers.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.has_key">
<tt class="descname">has_key</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.has_key" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if the message contains a header field named <em>name</em>, otherwise
return false.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.keys">
<tt class="descname">keys</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.keys" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of all the message’s header field names.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.values">
<tt class="descname">values</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.values" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of all the message’s field values.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.items">
<tt class="descname">items</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.items" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of 2-tuples containing all the message’s field headers and
values.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get">
<tt class="descname">get</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>failobj</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the named header field. This is identical to
<a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.__getitem__" title="email.message.Message.__getitem__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">__getitem__()</span></tt></a> except that optional <em>failobj</em> is returned if the
named header is missing (defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Here are some additional useful methods:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_all">
<tt class="descname">get_all</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>failobj</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_all" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of all the values for the field named <em>name</em>. If there are
no such named headers in the message, <em>failobj</em> is returned (defaults to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.add_header">
<tt class="descname">add_header</tt><big>(</big><em>_name</em>, <em>_value</em>, <em>**_params</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.add_header" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Extended header setting. This method is similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.__setitem__" title="email.message.Message.__setitem__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">__setitem__()</span></tt></a>
except that additional header parameters can be provided as keyword
arguments. <em>_name</em> is the header field to add and <em>_value</em> is the
<em>primary</em> value for the header.</p>
<p>For each item in the keyword argument dictionary <em>_params</em>, the key is
taken as the parameter name, with underscores converted to dashes (since
dashes are illegal in Python identifiers). Normally, the parameter will
be added as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key="value"</span></tt> unless the value is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, in which case
only the key will be added. If the value contains non-ASCII characters,
it must be specified as a three tuple in the format
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(CHARSET,</span> <span class="pre">LANGUAGE,</span> <span class="pre">VALUE)</span></tt>, where <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CHARSET</span></tt> is a string naming the
charset to be used to encode the value, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LANGUAGE</span></tt> can usually be set
to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> or the empty string (see <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2231.html"><strong>RFC 2231</strong></a> for other possibilities),
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VALUE</span></tt> is the string value containing non-ASCII code points.</p>
<p>Here’s an example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Content-Disposition'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'attachment'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'bud.gif'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will add a header that looks like</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="bud.gif"</pre>
</div>
<p>An example with non-ASCII characters:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Content-Disposition'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'attachment'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'iso-8859-1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'Fußballer.ppt'</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Which produces</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*="iso-8859-1''Fu%DFballer.ppt"</pre>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.replace_header">
<tt class="descname">replace_header</tt><big>(</big><em>_name</em>, <em>_value</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.replace_header" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Replace a header. Replace the first header found in the message that
matches <em>_name</em>, retaining header order and field name case. If no
matching header was found, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></tt></a> is raised.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_content_type">
<tt class="descname">get_content_type</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_content_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the message’s content type. The returned string is coerced to
lower case of the form <em class="mimetype">maintype/subtype</em>. If there was no
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header in the message the default type as given
by <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_default_type" title="email.message.Message.get_default_type"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_default_type()</span></tt></a> will be returned. Since according to
<span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a>, messages always have a default type, <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_content_type" title="email.message.Message.get_content_type"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_content_type()</span></tt></a>
will always return a value.</p>
<p><span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a> defines a message’s default type to be <em class="mimetype">text/plain</em>
unless it appears inside a <em class="mimetype">multipart/digest</em> container, in
which case it would be <em class="mimetype">message/rfc822</em>. If the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header has an invalid type specification,
<span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a> mandates that the default type be <em class="mimetype">text/plain</em>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_content_maintype">
<tt class="descname">get_content_maintype</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_content_maintype" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the message’s main content type. This is the <em class="mimetype">maintype</em>
part of the string returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_content_type" title="email.message.Message.get_content_type"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_content_type()</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_content_subtype">
<tt class="descname">get_content_subtype</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_content_subtype" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the message’s sub-content type. This is the <em class="mimetype">subtype</em>
part of the string returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_content_type" title="email.message.Message.get_content_type"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_content_type()</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_default_type">
<tt class="descname">get_default_type</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_default_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the default content type. Most messages have a default content
type of <em class="mimetype">text/plain</em>, except for messages that are subparts of
<em class="mimetype">multipart/digest</em> containers. Such subparts have a default
content type of <em class="mimetype">message/rfc822</em>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.set_default_type">
<tt class="descname">set_default_type</tt><big>(</big><em>ctype</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.set_default_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the default content type. <em>ctype</em> should either be
<em class="mimetype">text/plain</em> or <em class="mimetype">message/rfc822</em>, although this is not
enforced. The default content type is not stored in the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_params">
<tt class="descname">get_params</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>failobj</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>header</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>unquote</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_params" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the message’s <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> parameters, as a list.
The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
split on the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'='</span></tt> sign. The left hand side of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'='</span></tt> is the key,
while the right hand side is the value. If there is no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'='</span></tt> sign in
the parameter the value is the empty string, otherwise the value is as
described in <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_param" title="email.message.Message.get_param"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_param()</span></tt></a> and is unquoted if optional <em>unquote</em> is
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> (the default).</p>
<p>Optional <em>failobj</em> is the object to return if there is no
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header. Optional <em>header</em> is the header to
search instead of <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.2.2: </span><em>unquote</em> argument added.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_param">
<tt class="descname">get_param</tt><big>(</big><em>param</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>failobj</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>header</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>unquote</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_param" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header’s parameter
<em>param</em> as a string. If the message has no <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>
header or if there is no such parameter, then <em>failobj</em> is returned
(defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>).</p>
<p>Optional <em>header</em> if given, specifies the message header to use instead of
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>.</p>
<p>Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return value
can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2231.html"><strong>RFC 2231</strong></a>
encoded. When it’s a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of the form
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(CHARSET,</span> <span class="pre">LANGUAGE,</span> <span class="pre">VALUE)</span></tt>. Note that both <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CHARSET</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LANGUAGE</span></tt> can be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, in which case you should consider <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VALUE</span></tt>
to be encoded in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">us-ascii</span></tt> charset. You can usually ignore
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LANGUAGE</span></tt>.</p>
<p>If your application doesn’t care whether the parameter was encoded as in
<span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2231.html"><strong>RFC 2231</strong></a>, you can collapse the parameter value by calling
<a class="reference internal" href="email.util.html#email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value" title="email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value()</span></tt></a>, passing in the return value
from <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_param" title="email.message.Message.get_param"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_param()</span></tt></a>. This will return a suitably decoded Unicode
string when the value is a tuple, or the original string unquoted if it
isn’t. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">rawparam</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_param</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">param</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">utils</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collapse_rfc2231_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rawparam</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In any case, the parameter value (either the returned string, or the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VALUE</span></tt> item in the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless <em>unquote</em> is set
to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.2.2: </span><em>unquote</em> argument added, and 3-tuple return value possible.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.set_param">
<tt class="descname">set_param</tt><big>(</big><em>param</em>, <em>value</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>header</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>requote</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>charset</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>language</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.set_param" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set a parameter in the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header. If the
parameter already exists in the header, its value will be replaced with
<em>value</em>. If the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header as not yet been defined
for this message, it will be set to <em class="mimetype">text/plain</em> and the new
parameter value will be appended as per <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045.html"><strong>RFC 2045</strong></a>.</p>
<p>Optional <em>header</em> specifies an alternative header to
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>, and all parameters will be quoted as necessary
unless optional <em>requote</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> (the default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>).</p>
<p>If optional <em>charset</em> is specified, the parameter will be encoded
according to <span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2231.html"><strong>RFC 2231</strong></a>. Optional <em>language</em> specifies the RFC 2231
language, defaulting to the empty string. Both <em>charset</em> and <em>language</em>
should be strings.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.del_param">
<tt class="descname">del_param</tt><big>(</big><em>param</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>header</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>requote</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.del_param" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Remove the given parameter completely from the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>
header. The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or
its value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless <em>requote</em> is
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> (the default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>). Optional <em>header</em> specifies an
alternative to <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.set_type">
<tt class="descname">set_type</tt><big>(</big><em>type[, header][, requote]</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.set_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the main type and subtype for the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em>
header. <em>type</em> must be a string in the form <em class="mimetype">maintype/subtype</em>,
otherwise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></tt></a> is raised.</p>
<p>This method replaces the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header, keeping all
the parameters in place. If <em>requote</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>, this leaves the
existing header’s quoting as is, otherwise the parameters will be quoted
(the default).</p>
<p>An alternative header can be specified in the <em>header</em> argument. When the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header is set a <em class="mailheader">MIME-Version</em>
header is also added.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_filename">
<tt class="descname">get_filename</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>failobj</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filename</span></tt> parameter of the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Disposition</em> header of the message. If the header
does not have a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filename</span></tt> parameter, this method falls back to looking
for the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt> parameter on the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header. If
neither is found, or the header is missing, then <em>failobj</em> is returned.
The returned string will always be unquoted as per
<a class="reference internal" href="email.util.html#email.utils.unquote" title="email.utils.unquote"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.utils.unquote()</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_boundary">
<tt class="descname">get_boundary</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>failobj</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_boundary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boundary</span></tt> parameter of the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header of the message, or <em>failobj</em> if either
the header is missing, or has no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boundary</span></tt> parameter. The returned
string will always be unquoted as per <a class="reference internal" href="email.util.html#email.utils.unquote" title="email.utils.unquote"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.utils.unquote()</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.set_boundary">
<tt class="descname">set_boundary</tt><big>(</big><em>boundary</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.set_boundary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boundary</span></tt> parameter of the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header to
<em>boundary</em>. <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.set_boundary" title="email.message.Message.set_boundary"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_boundary()</span></tt></a> will always quote <em>boundary</em> if
necessary. A <tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">HeaderParseError</span></tt> is raised if the message object has
no <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header.</p>
<p>Note that using this method is subtly different than deleting the old
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header and adding a new one with the new
boundary via <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.add_header" title="email.message.Message.add_header"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">add_header()</span></tt></a>, because <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.set_boundary" title="email.message.Message.set_boundary"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_boundary()</span></tt></a> preserves
the order of the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header in the list of
headers. However, it does <em>not</em> preserve any continuation lines which may
have been present in the original <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_content_charset">
<tt class="descname">get_content_charset</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>failobj</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_content_charset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">charset</span></tt> parameter of the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header,
coerced to lower case. If there is no <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header, or if
that header has no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">charset</span></tt> parameter, <em>failobj</em> is returned.</p>
<p>Note that this method differs from <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.get_charset" title="email.message.Message.get_charset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_charset()</span></tt></a> which returns the
<a class="reference internal" href="email.charset.html#email.charset.Charset" title="email.charset.Charset"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Charset</span></tt></a> instance for the default encoding of the message body.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.get_charsets">
<tt class="descname">get_charsets</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>failobj</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.get_charsets" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list containing the character set names in the message. If the
message is a <em class="mimetype">multipart</em>, then the list will contain one element
for each subpart in the payload, otherwise, it will be a list of length 1.</p>
<p>Each item in the list will be a string which is the value of the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">charset</span></tt> parameter in the <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header for the
represented subpart. However, if the subpart has no
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header, no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">charset</span></tt> parameter, or is not of
the <em class="mimetype">text</em> main MIME type, then that item in the returned list
will be <em>failobj</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="email.message.Message.walk">
<tt class="descname">walk</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.walk" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.walk" title="email.message.Message.walk"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">walk()</span></tt></a> method is an all-purpose generator which can be used to
iterate over all the parts and subparts of a message object tree, in
depth-first traversal order. You will typically use <a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message.walk" title="email.message.Message.walk"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">walk()</span></tt></a> as the
iterator in a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">for</span></tt> loop; each iteration returns the next subpart.</p>
<p>Here’s an example that prints the MIME type of every part of a multipart
message structure:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">part</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">walk</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">part</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_content_type</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">multipart/report</span>
<span class="go">text/plain</span>
<span class="go">message/delivery-status</span>
<span class="go">text/plain</span>
<span class="go">text/plain</span>
<span class="go">message/rfc822</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.5: </span>The previously deprecated methods <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_type()</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_main_type()</span></tt>, and
<tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_subtype()</span></tt> were removed.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects can also optionally contain two instance attributes,
which can be used when generating the plain text of a MIME message.</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="email.message.Message.preamble">
<tt class="descname">preamble</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.preamble" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The format of a MIME document allows for some text between the blank line
following the headers, and the first multipart boundary string. Normally,
this text is never visible in a MIME-aware mail reader because it falls
outside the standard MIME armor. However, when viewing the raw text of
the message, or when viewing the message in a non-MIME aware reader, this
text can become visible.</p>
<p>The <em>preamble</em> attribute contains this leading extra-armor text for MIME
documents. When the <a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#email.parser.Parser" title="email.parser.Parser"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Parser</span></tt></a> discovers some text
after the headers but before the first boundary string, it assigns this
text to the message’s <em>preamble</em> attribute. When the
<a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html#email.generator.Generator" title="email.generator.Generator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Generator</span></tt></a> is writing out the plain text
representation of a MIME message, and it finds the
message has a <em>preamble</em> attribute, it will write this text in the area
between the headers and the first boundary. See <a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#module-email.parser" title="email.parser: Parse flat text email messages to produce a message object structure."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.parser</span></tt></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html#module-email.generator" title="email.generator: Generate flat text email messages from a message structure."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.generator</span></tt></a> for details.</p>
<p>Note that if the message object has no preamble, the <em>preamble</em> attribute
will be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="email.message.Message.epilogue">
<tt class="descname">epilogue</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.epilogue" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <em>epilogue</em> attribute acts the same way as the <em>preamble</em> attribute,
except that it contains text that appears between the last boundary and
the end of the message.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.5: </span>You do not need to set the epilogue to the empty string in order for the
<tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Generator</span></tt> to print a newline at the end of the file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="email.message.Message.defects">
<tt class="descname">defects</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.message.Message.defects" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <em>defects</em> attribute contains a list of all the problems found when
parsing this message. See <a class="reference internal" href="email.errors.html#module-email.errors" title="email.errors: The exception classes used by the email package."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.errors</span></tt></a> for a detailed description
of the possible parsing defects.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="email.html"
title="previous chapter">18.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt> — An email and MIME handling package</a></p>
<h4>Next topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="email.parser.html"
title="next chapter">18.1.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.parser</span></tt>: Parsing email messages</a></p>
<h3>This Page</h3>
<ul class="this-page-menu">
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
<li><a href="../_sources/library/email.message.txt"
rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="searchbox" style="display: none">
<h3>Quick search</h3>
<form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q" />
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</form>
<p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%">
Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
</p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
>index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="email.parser.html" title="18.1.2. email.parser: Parsing email messages"
>next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="email.html" title="18.1. email — An email and MIME handling package"
>previous</a> |</li>
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
<li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
<li>
<a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> »
</li>
<li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>
<li><a href="netdata.html" >18. Internet Data Handling</a> »</li>
<li><a href="email.html" >18.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt> — An email and MIME handling package</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer">
© <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2019, Python Software Foundation.
<br />
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
<a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
<br />
Last updated on Jul 03, 2019.
<a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
<br />
Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3.
</div>
</body>
</html>| Name | Type | Size | Permission | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2to3.html | File | 49.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| __builtin__.html | File | 10.26 KB | 0644 |
|
| __future__.html | File | 13.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| __main__.html | File | 7.05 KB | 0644 |
|
| _winreg.html | File | 59.21 KB | 0644 |
|
| abc.html | File | 23.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| aepack.html | File | 13.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| aetools.html | File | 14.91 KB | 0644 |
|
| aetypes.html | File | 18.88 KB | 0644 |
|
| aifc.html | File | 22.4 KB | 0644 |
|
| al.html | File | 17.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| allos.html | File | 33.72 KB | 0644 |
|
| anydbm.html | File | 16.33 KB | 0644 |
|
| archiving.html | File | 9.26 KB | 0644 |
|
| argparse.html | File | 237.62 KB | 0644 |
|
| array.html | File | 29.29 KB | 0644 |
|
| ast.html | File | 34.98 KB | 0644 |
|
| asynchat.html | File | 31.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| asyncore.html | File | 36.51 KB | 0644 |
|
| atexit.html | File | 16.8 KB | 0644 |
|
| audioop.html | File | 31.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| autogil.html | File | 8.19 KB | 0644 |
|
| base64.html | File | 19.67 KB | 0644 |
|
| basehttpserver.html | File | 34.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| bastion.html | File | 11.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| bdb.html | File | 36.68 KB | 0644 |
|
| binascii.html | File | 20.67 KB | 0644 |
|
| binhex.html | File | 10.58 KB | 0644 |
|
| bisect.html | File | 23.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| bsddb.html | File | 26.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| bz2.html | File | 26.08 KB | 0644 |
|
| calendar.html | File | 37.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| carbon.html | File | 48.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| cd.html | File | 27.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| cgi.html | File | 49.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| cgihttpserver.html | File | 13.1 KB | 0644 |
|
| cgitb.html | File | 11.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| chunk.html | File | 14.66 KB | 0644 |
|
| cmath.html | File | 25.63 KB | 0644 |
|
| cmd.html | File | 26.09 KB | 0644 |
|
| code.html | File | 24.58 KB | 0644 |
|
| codecs.html | File | 100.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| codeop.html | File | 14.84 KB | 0644 |
|
| collections.html | File | 133.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| colorpicker.html | File | 7.52 KB | 0644 |
|
| colorsys.html | File | 11.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| commands.html | File | 14.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| compileall.html | File | 16.83 KB | 0644 |
|
| compiler.html | File | 67.75 KB | 0644 |
|
| configparser.html | File | 62.13 KB | 0644 |
|
| constants.html | File | 12.83 KB | 0644 |
|
| contextlib.html | File | 19.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| cookie.html | File | 39.07 KB | 0644 |
|
| cookielib.html | File | 83.82 KB | 0644 |
|
| copy.html | File | 12.19 KB | 0644 |
|
| copy_reg.html | File | 13.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| crypt.html | File | 10.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| crypto.html | File | 7.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| csv.html | File | 67.37 KB | 0644 |
|
| ctypes.html | File | 238.78 KB | 0644 |
|
| curses.ascii.html | File | 22.29 KB | 0644 |
|
| curses.html | File | 146.63 KB | 0644 |
|
| curses.panel.html | File | 14.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| custominterp.html | File | 7.62 KB | 0644 |
|
| datatypes.html | File | 16.84 KB | 0644 |
|
| datetime.html | File | 226.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| dbhash.html | File | 15.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| dbm.html | File | 12.07 KB | 0644 |
|
| debug.html | File | 10.15 KB | 0644 |
|
| decimal.html | File | 194.44 KB | 0644 |
|
| development.html | File | 14.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| difflib.html | File | 84.83 KB | 0644 |
|
| dircache.html | File | 11.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| dis.html | File | 69.95 KB | 0644 |
|
| distutils.html | File | 8.05 KB | 0644 |
|
| dl.html | File | 16.33 KB | 0644 |
|
| doctest.html | File | 165.54 KB | 0644 |
|
| docxmlrpcserver.html | File | 16.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| dumbdbm.html | File | 14.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| dummy_thread.html | File | 9.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| dummy_threading.html | File | 8.37 KB | 0644 |
|
| easydialogs.html | File | 30.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| email-examples.html | File | 45.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.charset.html | File | 26.8 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.encoders.html | File | 11.86 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.errors.html | File | 15.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.generator.html | File | 20.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.header.html | File | 26.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.html | File | 44.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.iterators.html | File | 11.52 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.message.html | File | 63.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.mime.html | File | 27.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.parser.html | File | 30.45 KB | 0644 |
|
| email.util.html | File | 24.46 KB | 0644 |
|
| errno.html | File | 37.99 KB | 0644 |
|
| exceptions.html | File | 56.13 KB | 0644 |
|
| fcntl.html | File | 22.67 KB | 0644 |
|
| filecmp.html | File | 22.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| fileformats.html | File | 9.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| fileinput.html | File | 24.28 KB | 0644 |
|
| filesys.html | File | 10.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| fl.html | File | 49.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| fm.html | File | 11.91 KB | 0644 |
|
| fnmatch.html | File | 14.58 KB | 0644 |
|
| formatter.html | File | 34.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| fpectl.html | File | 16.01 KB | 0644 |
|
| fpformat.html | File | 10.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| fractions.html | File | 22.61 KB | 0644 |
|
| framework.html | File | 33.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| frameworks.html | File | 7.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| ftplib.html | File | 43.99 KB | 0644 |
|
| functions.html | File | 183.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| functools.html | File | 27.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| future_builtins.html | File | 13.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| gc.html | File | 25.75 KB | 0644 |
|
| gdbm.html | File | 15.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| gensuitemodule.html | File | 11.51 KB | 0644 |
|
| getopt.html | File | 23.66 KB | 0644 |
|
| getpass.html | File | 10.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| gettext.html | File | 78.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| gl.html | File | 22.09 KB | 0644 |
|
| glob.html | File | 13.26 KB | 0644 |
|
| grp.html | File | 10.49 KB | 0644 |
|
| gzip.html | File | 18.99 KB | 0644 |
|
| hashlib.html | File | 18.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| heapq.html | File | 31.61 KB | 0644 |
|
| hmac.html | File | 10.46 KB | 0644 |
|
| hotshot.html | File | 18.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| htmllib.html | File | 25.32 KB | 0644 |
|
| htmlparser.html | File | 39.11 KB | 0644 |
|
| httplib.html | File | 62.95 KB | 0644 |
|
| i18n.html | File | 9.52 KB | 0644 |
|
| ic.html | File | 17.17 KB | 0644 |
|
| idle.html | File | 20.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| imageop.html | File | 14.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| imaplib.html | File | 51.99 KB | 0644 |
|
| imgfile.html | File | 11.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| imghdr.html | File | 11.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| imp.html | File | 34.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| importlib.html | File | 8.26 KB | 0644 |
|
| imputil.html | File | 31.81 KB | 0644 |
|
| index.html | File | 72.78 KB | 0644 |
|
| inspect.html | File | 50.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| internet.html | File | 24.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| intro.html | File | 8.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| io.html | File | 98.13 KB | 0644 |
|
| ipc.html | File | 13.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| itertools.html | File | 115.91 KB | 0644 |
|
| jpeg.html | File | 12.74 KB | 0644 |
|
| json.html | File | 67.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| keyword.html | File | 7.68 KB | 0644 |
|
| language.html | File | 11.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| linecache.html | File | 10.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| locale.html | File | 55.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| logging.config.html | File | 63.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| logging.handlers.html | File | 69.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| logging.html | File | 95.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| mac.html | File | 21.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| macos.html | File | 14.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| macosa.html | File | 12.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| macostools.html | File | 15.52 KB | 0644 |
|
| macpath.html | File | 7.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| mailbox.html | File | 156.75 KB | 0644 |
|
| mailcap.html | File | 13.21 KB | 0644 |
|
| markup.html | File | 18.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| marshal.html | File | 17.98 KB | 0644 |
|
| math.html | File | 39.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| md5.html | File | 13.97 KB | 0644 |
|
| mhlib.html | File | 21.54 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimetools.html | File | 19.25 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimetypes.html | File | 28.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimewriter.html | File | 15.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| mimify.html | File | 13.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| miniaeframe.html | File | 12.2 KB | 0644 |
|
| misc.html | File | 6.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| mm.html | File | 9.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| mmap.html | File | 28.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| modulefinder.html | File | 15.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| modules.html | File | 8.46 KB | 0644 |
|
| msilib.html | File | 52.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| msvcrt.html | File | 19.37 KB | 0644 |
|
| multifile.html | File | 24.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| multiprocessing.html | File | 365.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| mutex.html | File | 11.23 KB | 0644 |
|
| netdata.html | File | 16.98 KB | 0644 |
|
| netrc.html | File | 12.3 KB | 0644 |
|
| new.html | File | 12.12 KB | 0644 |
|
| nis.html | File | 10.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| nntplib.html | File | 41.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| numbers.html | File | 37.75 KB | 0644 |
|
| numeric.html | File | 13.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| operator.html | File | 82 KB | 0644 |
|
| optparse.html | File | 222.56 KB | 0644 |
|
| os.html | File | 214.25 KB | 0644 |
|
| os.path.html | File | 38.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| ossaudiodev.html | File | 41.5 KB | 0644 |
|
| othergui.html | File | 9.08 KB | 0644 |
|
| parser.html | File | 39.36 KB | 0644 |
|
| pdb.html | File | 33.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| persistence.html | File | 14.87 KB | 0644 |
|
| pickle.html | File | 102.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| pickletools.html | File | 10.63 KB | 0644 |
|
| pipes.html | File | 18.01 KB | 0644 |
|
| pkgutil.html | File | 25.11 KB | 0644 |
|
| platform.html | File | 28.37 KB | 0644 |
|
| plistlib.html | File | 17.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| popen2.html | File | 25.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| poplib.html | File | 22.32 KB | 0644 |
|
| posix.html | File | 14.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| posixfile.html | File | 19.76 KB | 0644 |
|
| pprint.html | File | 29.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| profile.html | File | 63.56 KB | 0644 |
|
| pty.html | File | 9.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| pwd.html | File | 11.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| py_compile.html | File | 11.12 KB | 0644 |
|
| pyclbr.html | File | 14.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| pydoc.html | File | 11.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| pyexpat.html | File | 71.53 KB | 0644 |
|
| python.html | File | 12.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| queue.html | File | 24.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| quopri.html | File | 11.9 KB | 0644 |
|
| random.html | File | 37.83 KB | 0644 |
|
| re.html | File | 134.74 KB | 0644 |
|
| readline.html | File | 28.24 KB | 0644 |
|
| repr.html | File | 20.43 KB | 0644 |
|
| resource.html | File | 26.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| restricted.html | File | 11.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| rexec.html | File | 37.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| rfc822.html | File | 42.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| rlcompleter.html | File | 13.51 KB | 0644 |
|
| robotparser.html | File | 12.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| runpy.html | File | 19.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| sched.html | File | 18.54 KB | 0644 |
|
| scrolledtext.html | File | 9.32 KB | 0644 |
|
| select.html | File | 39.67 KB | 0644 |
|
| sets.html | File | 36.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| sgi.html | File | 9.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| sgmllib.html | File | 30.77 KB | 0644 |
|
| sha.html | File | 12.09 KB | 0644 |
|
| shelve.html | File | 27.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| shlex.html | File | 32.1 KB | 0644 |
|
| shutil.html | File | 40.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| signal.html | File | 31.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| simplehttpserver.html | File | 18.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| simplexmlrpcserver.html | File | 31.39 KB | 0644 |
|
| site.html | File | 23.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| smtpd.html | File | 12.46 KB | 0644 |
|
| smtplib.html | File | 42.13 KB | 0644 |
|
| sndhdr.html | File | 10.02 KB | 0644 |
|
| socket.html | File | 106.34 KB | 0644 |
|
| socketserver.html | File | 59.83 KB | 0644 |
|
| someos.html | File | 15.11 KB | 0644 |
|
| spwd.html | File | 10.33 KB | 0644 |
|
| sqlite3.html | File | 139.5 KB | 0644 |
|
| ssl.html | File | 65.62 KB | 0644 |
|
| stat.html | File | 32.31 KB | 0644 |
|
| statvfs.html | File | 10.6 KB | 0644 |
|
| stdtypes.html | File | 260.4 KB | 0644 |
|
| string.html | File | 106.65 KB | 0644 |
|
| stringio.html | File | 18.81 KB | 0644 |
|
| stringprep.html | File | 16.13 KB | 0644 |
|
| strings.html | File | 14.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| struct.html | File | 40.88 KB | 0644 |
|
| subprocess.html | File | 84.91 KB | 0644 |
|
| sun.html | File | 6.84 KB | 0644 |
|
| sunau.html | File | 27.1 KB | 0644 |
|
| sunaudio.html | File | 17.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| symbol.html | File | 7.66 KB | 0644 |
|
| symtable.html | File | 22.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| sys.html | File | 98.7 KB | 0644 |
|
| sysconfig.html | File | 23.84 KB | 0644 |
|
| syslog.html | File | 17.92 KB | 0644 |
|
| tabnanny.html | File | 10.63 KB | 0644 |
|
| tarfile.html | File | 78.68 KB | 0644 |
|
| telnetlib.html | File | 25.48 KB | 0644 |
|
| tempfile.html | File | 29.42 KB | 0644 |
|
| termios.html | File | 16.01 KB | 0644 |
|
| test.html | File | 52.62 KB | 0644 |
|
| textwrap.html | File | 27.25 KB | 0644 |
|
| thread.html | File | 20.47 KB | 0644 |
|
| threading.html | File | 76.69 KB | 0644 |
|
| time.html | File | 56.93 KB | 0644 |
|
| timeit.html | File | 36.27 KB | 0644 |
|
| tix.html | File | 46.96 KB | 0644 |
|
| tk.html | File | 23.64 KB | 0644 |
|
| tkinter.html | File | 67.67 KB | 0644 |
|
| token.html | File | 19.62 KB | 0644 |
|
| tokenize.html | File | 18.45 KB | 0644 |
|
| trace.html | File | 25.54 KB | 0644 |
|
| traceback.html | File | 33.44 KB | 0644 |
|
| ttk.html | File | 101.75 KB | 0644 |
|
| tty.html | File | 9.06 KB | 0644 |
|
| turtle.html | File | 211.74 KB | 0644 |
|
| types.html | File | 27.59 KB | 0644 |
|
| undoc.html | File | 23.16 KB | 0644 |
|
| unicodedata.html | File | 18.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| unittest.html | File | 202.85 KB | 0644 |
|
| unix.html | File | 10.55 KB | 0644 |
|
| urllib.html | File | 58.68 KB | 0644 |
|
| urllib2.html | File | 100.58 KB | 0644 |
|
| urlparse.html | File | 40.41 KB | 0644 |
|
| user.html | File | 11.83 KB | 0644 |
|
| userdict.html | File | 29.73 KB | 0644 |
|
| uu.html | File | 11.03 KB | 0644 |
|
| uuid.html | File | 28.19 KB | 0644 |
|
| warnings.html | File | 46.6 KB | 0644 |
|
| wave.html | File | 22.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| weakref.html | File | 36.52 KB | 0644 |
|
| webbrowser.html | File | 23.07 KB | 0644 |
|
| whichdb.html | File | 8.85 KB | 0644 |
|
| windows.html | File | 9.33 KB | 0644 |
|
| winsound.html | File | 18.75 KB | 0644 |
|
| wsgiref.html | File | 81.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| xdrlib.html | File | 29.94 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.dom.html | File | 89.04 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.dom.minidom.html | File | 40.42 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.dom.pulldom.html | File | 12.71 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.etree.elementtree.html | File | 93.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.html | File | 16.49 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.handler.html | File | 38.63 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.html | File | 20.22 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.reader.html | File | 39.09 KB | 0644 |
|
| xml.sax.utils.html | File | 14.26 KB | 0644 |
|
| xmlrpclib.html | File | 60.79 KB | 0644 |
|
| zipfile.html | File | 53.14 KB | 0644 |
|
| zipimport.html | File | 20.42 KB | 0644 |
|
| zlib.html | File | 25.46 KB | 0644 |
|