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  <div class="section" id="module-sunau">
<span id="sunau-read-and-write-sun-au-files"></span><h1>21.4. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-sunau" title="sunau: Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sunau</span></tt></a> &#8212; Read and write Sun AU files<a class="headerlink" href="#module-sunau" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/sunau.py">Lib/sunau.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-sunau" title="sunau: Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sunau</span></tt></a> module provides a convenient interface to the Sun AU sound
format.  Note that this module is interface-compatible with the modules
<a class="reference internal" href="aifc.html#module-aifc" title="aifc: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">aifc</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="wave.html#module-wave" title="wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">wave</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p>An audio file consists of a header followed by the data.  The fields of the
header are:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="24%" />
<col width="76%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Field</th>
<th class="head">Contents</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>magic word</td>
<td>The four bytes <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.snd</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>header size</td>
<td>Size of the header, including info, in bytes.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>data size</td>
<td>Physical size of the data, in bytes.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>encoding</td>
<td>Indicates how the audio samples are encoded.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>sample rate</td>
<td>The sampling rate.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td># of channels</td>
<td>The number of channels in the samples.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>info</td>
<td>ASCII string giving a description of the
audio file (padded with null bytes).</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Apart from the info field, all header fields are 4 bytes in size. They are all
32-bit unsigned integers encoded in big-endian byte order.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-sunau" title="sunau: Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sunau</span></tt></a> module defines the following functions:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="sunau.open">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">open</tt><big>(</big><em>file</em>, <em>mode</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <em>file</em> is a string, open the file by that name, otherwise treat it as a
seekable file-like object. <em>mode</em> can be any of</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></tt></dt>
<dd>Read only mode.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></tt></dt>
<dd>Write only mode.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that it does not allow read/write files.</p>
<p>A <em>mode</em> of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></tt> returns a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AU_read</span></tt> object, while a <em>mode</em> of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></tt>
or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></tt> returns a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AU_write</span></tt> object.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="sunau.openfp">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">openfp</tt><big>(</big><em>file</em>, <em>mode</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.openfp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A synonym for <a class="reference internal" href="#sunau.open" title="sunau.open"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a>, maintained for backwards compatibility.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-sunau" title="sunau: Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sunau</span></tt></a> module defines the following exception:</p>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="sunau.Error">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">Error</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>An error raised when something is impossible because of Sun AU specs or
implementation deficiency.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-sunau" title="sunau: Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sunau</span></tt></a> module defines the following data items:</p>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_MAGIC">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_MAGIC</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_MAGIC" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>An integer every valid Sun AU file begins with, stored in big-endian form.  This
is the string <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.snd</span></tt> interpreted as an integer.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="data">
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_8">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_8</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_8" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_16">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_16</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_16" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_24">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_24</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_24" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_32">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_32</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_32" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Values of the encoding field from the AU header which are supported by this
module.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="data">
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_FLOAT">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_FLOAT</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_FLOAT" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_DOUBLE">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_DOUBLE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_DOUBLE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G721">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G721</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G721" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G722">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G722</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G722" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_3">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_3</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_3" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_5">
<tt class="descclassname">sunau.</tt><tt class="descname">AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_5</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_5" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Additional known values of the encoding field from the AU header, but which are
not supported by this module.</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="section" id="au-read-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>21.4.1. AU_read Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#au-read-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>AU_read objects, as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#sunau.open" title="sunau.open"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a> above, have the following methods:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.close">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">close</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Close the stream, and make the instance unusable. (This is  called automatically
on deletion.)</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getnchannels">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getnchannels</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getnchannels" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns number of audio channels (1 for mone, 2 for stereo).</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getsampwidth">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getsampwidth</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getsampwidth" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns sample width in bytes.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getframerate">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getframerate</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getframerate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns sampling frequency.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getnframes">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getnframes</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getnframes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns number of audio frames.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getcomptype">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getcomptype</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getcomptype" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns compression type. Supported compression types are <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'ULAW'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'ALAW'</span></tt>
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'NONE'</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getcompname">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getcompname</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getcompname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Human-readable version of <a class="reference internal" href="#sunau.AU_read.getcomptype" title="sunau.AU_read.getcomptype"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getcomptype()</span></tt></a>.  The supported types have the
respective names <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'CCITT</span> <span class="pre">G.711</span> <span class="pre">u-law'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'CCITT</span> <span class="pre">G.711</span> <span class="pre">A-law'</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'not</span>
<span class="pre">compressed'</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getparams">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getparams</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getparams" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a tuple <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(nchannels,</span> <span class="pre">sampwidth,</span> <span class="pre">framerate,</span> <span class="pre">nframes,</span> <span class="pre">comptype,</span>
<span class="pre">compname)</span></tt>, equivalent to output of the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get*()</span></tt> methods.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.readframes">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">readframes</tt><big>(</big><em>n</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.readframes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Reads and returns at most <em>n</em> frames of audio, as a string of bytes.  The data
will be returned in linear format.  If the original data is in u-LAW format, it
will be converted.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.rewind">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">rewind</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.rewind" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Rewind the file pointer to the beginning of the audio stream.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>The following two methods define a term &#8220;position&#8221; which is compatible between
them, and is otherwise implementation dependent.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.setpos">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">setpos</tt><big>(</big><em>pos</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.setpos" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the file pointer to the specified position.  Only values returned from
<a class="reference internal" href="#sunau.AU_read.tell" title="sunau.AU_read.tell"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">tell()</span></tt></a> should be used for <em>pos</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.tell">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">tell</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return current file pointer position.  Note that the returned value has nothing
to do with the actual position in the file.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>The following two functions are defined for compatibility with the  <a class="reference internal" href="aifc.html#module-aifc" title="aifc: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">aifc</span></tt></a>,
and don&#8217;t do anything interesting.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getmarkers">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getmarkers</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getmarkers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_read.getmark">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_read.</tt><tt class="descname">getmark</tt><big>(</big><em>id</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_read.getmark" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raise an error.</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="au-write-objects">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>21.4.2. AU_write Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#au-write-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>AU_write objects, as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#sunau.open" title="sunau.open"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a> above, have the following methods:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.setnchannels">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">setnchannels</tt><big>(</big><em>n</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.setnchannels" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of channels.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.setsampwidth">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">setsampwidth</tt><big>(</big><em>n</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.setsampwidth" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample width (in bytes.)</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.setframerate">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">setframerate</tt><big>(</big><em>n</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.setframerate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame rate.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.setnframes">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">setnframes</tt><big>(</big><em>n</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.setnframes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of frames. This can be later changed, when and if more  frames
are written.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.setcomptype">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">setcomptype</tt><big>(</big><em>type</em>, <em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.setcomptype" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the compression type and description. Only <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'NONE'</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'ULAW'</span></tt> are
supported on output.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.setparams">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">setparams</tt><big>(</big><em>tuple</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.setparams" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The <em>tuple</em> should be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(nchannels,</span> <span class="pre">sampwidth,</span> <span class="pre">framerate,</span> <span class="pre">nframes,</span> <span class="pre">comptype,</span>
<span class="pre">compname)</span></tt>, with values valid for the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">set*()</span></tt> methods.  Set all
parameters.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.tell">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">tell</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return current position in the file, with the same disclaimer for the
<a class="reference internal" href="#sunau.AU_read.tell" title="sunau.AU_read.tell"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AU_read.tell()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#sunau.AU_read.setpos" title="sunau.AU_read.setpos"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AU_read.setpos()</span></tt></a> methods.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.writeframesraw">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">writeframesraw</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.writeframesraw" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Write audio frames, without correcting <em>nframes</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.writeframes">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">writeframes</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.writeframes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Write audio frames and make sure <em>nframes</em> is correct.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="sunau.AU_write.close">
<tt class="descclassname">AU_write.</tt><tt class="descname">close</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#sunau.AU_write.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Make sure <em>nframes</em> is correct, and close the file.</p>
<p>This method is called upon deletion.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>Note that it is invalid to set any parameters after calling  <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">writeframes()</span></tt>
or <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">writeframesraw()</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#au-read-objects">21.4.1. AU_read Objects</a></li>
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